A small but powerful satellite built using Scottish space technology is now playing a key role in pushing forward weather forecasting across Europe.

The Arctic Weather Satellite (AWS), developed by the European Space Agency alongside Glasgow satellite engineering firm AAC Clyde Space, has now officially begun feeding data into European weather modelling, promising the best estimates possible of the state of the Earth’s systems.

Combining AWS data with a host of other observations, the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts can then use these estimates to predict weather patterns around the world.

At the core of the satellite lie innovative microwave sensors, built by the team at AAC Clyde Space. Using this 19-channel cross-track scanning microwave radiometer, the satellite is able to penetrate the atmosphere and deliver detailed temperature and humidity profiles for those back on the ground.

Particularly exciting for researchers, the satellite is the first capable of measuring the ‘sub-mm’ spectral band, formed of wavelengths smaller than 1mm, allowing them to gather new information about the formation of ice clouds.

“Unlike normal satellites that rely on visible light, AWS can gather temperature, humidity, and cloud data in all weather conditions, day and night – even in the Arctic, where traditional observations are scarce,” said AAC Clyde Space, on sharing the news on social media. 

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As well as developing the satellite’s microwave sensors, which have proven to be as effective as the instruments of larger missions, the Scottish space firm was also responsible for the onboard computer and STARBUCK power system that keeps the unit running smoothly.

Since launching in August last year, the 120kg satellite, which is around the same size as a washing machine, has provided more accurate forecasts for the Arctic, where sudden weather changes can impact aviation, shipping, and local communities, as well as helping track and monitor severe storms, including Storm Boris as it moved across central Europe last September.  

According to AAC, the AWS mission acts as a broader constellation of satellites, which will work together to provide more frequent measurements of the polar region, and hopefully give scientists and meteorologists insight into areas of traditionally limited coverage.