Burghead fort in Moray, which archaeologists believe was once a bustling population centre from the sixth to 10th century, has been virtually recreated as part of an initiative to educate the public on Scotland’s Pictish past.

Designed using records from previous archaeological excavations, the reconstruction shows the scale of the fortification, which commanded formidable defensive ramparts up to eight metres thick and six metres tall.

Inside the fort, dwellings of various sizes can also be seen as well as livestock and additional fortified structures.

Notably, archaeological evidence of early Christian occupation was uncovered during previous excavations, prompting theories that a chapel may have once stood at the site. This is reflected in the 3D design, researchers said.

Professor Gordon Noble, who has led archaeological digs at Burghead since 2015, commented: “It wonderful to see the work of our excavations spanning more than five years brought together in these stunning reconstructions which offer an amazing insight into how Burghead may have looked.”

Dr Kevin Grant, Archaeology Manager of Historic Environment Scotland added: “Burghead fort was one of the most important places in Early Medieval Scotland, and was built to be dramatic and imposing.

“These reconstructions help us imagine experiencing this spectacular site in its hey-day. We are also delighted to support these excavations, which are transforming our understanding of Pictish Scotland and saving important archaeological remains from being lost to the waves.”

What happened to Burghead?

The fort at Burghead was destroyed during the 10th century; a period of frequent Viking raids across Britain and Ireland. Located on Scotland’s north east coast, the fort would have certainly been a prime target for Norse raiders.

After its destruction, the fort remained unoccupied until the 12th century.

19th century building developments destroyed most traces of the once mighty fortifications, with the landward rampart levelled and part of the coastal defences destroyed to build a modern harbour.

More than 30 Pictish carved stones were discovered during the modernisation of the site, with six carved bulls surviving along with early Christian sculptures.

When archaeologists from the University of Aberdeen began excavations at Burghead in 2015, they expected little to have survived. However, researchers said a very different picture has emerged and the digs have resulted in some of the most significant findings of Pictish items and building remains.

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Professor Noble said: “We have found many objects which have helped us to learn more about the everyday lives of Burghead’s inhabitants between the 6th and 10th centuries AD.

“From metalworking to weaponry and even hair and dress pins, with each new dig we are finding out more about our ancestors who lived here.

“The scale of houses and buildings we have discovered evidence of show that this was a densely populated and important Pictish site.”

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